犬飼康人 | | 新潟医療福祉大学

リハビリテーション学部

Department of Physical Therapy 理学療法学科

教員紹介

犬飼康人写真

リハビリテーション学部／理学療法学科
Faculty of Rehabilitation／Department of Physical Therapy

犬飼康人 Yasuto Inukai

教授

プロフィール

担当科目	中枢神経系理学療法学
専門分野	理学療法学、神経生理学
学位・称号／取得機関／取得年	博士（保健学）／新潟医療福祉大学／2017年
資格	理学療法士専門理学療法士（神経）
過去の経歴	星ヶ丘厚生年金病院(現：星ヶ丘医療センター)を経て現職
所属団体・学会等	日本理学療法士協会、日本神経理学療法学会、日本基礎理学療法学会、日本臨床神経生理学会、全国大学理学療法学教育学会

業績等

研究領域	脳卒中リハビリテーション、運動制御・姿勢制御、非侵襲的脳刺激法（NIBS）
研究紹介	ヒトの随意運動、バランス機能に関わる中枢神経系（脳・脊髄）のメカニズムの解明や運動機能やバランス機能を向上させる非侵襲的脳刺激法について研究を行っています。また、脳卒中を中心とした中枢神経疾患の理学療法に関わる研究（運動麻痺の改善、立位・歩行能力の改善）を行っています。
著書	1. 標準理学療法学神経理学療法学第3版運動麻痺（医学書院） 2022 2. 運動学・神経学エビデンスと結ぶ脳卒中理学療法学随意運動システムと脳卒中理学療法（中外医学社） 2022 3. リハビリテーション神経科学非侵襲的脳刺激法による皮質活動の変動（メジカルレビュー社） 2019 4. 標準理学療法学神経理学療法学第2版運動麻痺（医学書院） 2018 5. 初学者のためのの呼吸理学療法テキスト換気効率改善のアプローチ、呼吸筋トレーニング（メディカ出版） 2010
受賞歴	1. 第26回大阪府理学療法士会学術奨励賞受賞 2. 新潟医療福祉学会学長賞受賞
研究論文（英文）	1. Pham MV, Saito K, Miyaguchi S, Watanabe H, Ikarashi H, Nagasaka K, Yokota H, Kojima S, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Changes in excitability and GABAergic neuronal activity of the primary somatosensory cortex after motor learning. Front Neurosci. 2022 Sep 20; 16:794173. 2. Shiga K, Miyaguchi S, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Transcranial direct current stimulation over the right intraparietal sulcus improves response inhibition. Behav Brain Res. 2023 Feb 2; 437:114110. 3. Saito K, Otsuru N, Inukai Y, Kojima S, Miyaguchi S, Nagasaka K, Onishi H. Effect of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation over the Posterior Parietal Cortex on Tactile Spatial Discrimination Performance. Neuroscience. 2022 Jul 1; 494:94-103. 4. Kawakami S, Inukai Y, Ikarashi H, Watanabe H, Miyaguchi S, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial random noise stimulation over the cerebellum differentially affect the cerebellum and primary motor cortex pathway. J Clin Neurosci. 2022 Jun; 100:59-65. 5. Miyaguchi S, Inukai Y, Mitsumoto S, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Gamma-transcranial alternating current stimulation on the cerebellum and supplementary motor area improves bimanual motor skill. Behav Brain Res. 2022 Apr 29; 424:113805. 6. Miyaguchi S, Inukai Y, Hashimoto I, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Sleep affects the motor memory of basketball shooting skills in young amateurs. J Clin Neurosci. 2022 Feb; 96:187-193. 7. Kojima S, Miyaguchi S, Yokota H, Saito K, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. The Number or Type of Stimuli Used for Somatosensory Stimulation Affected the Modulation of Corticospinal Excitability. Brain Sci. 2021 Nov 12; 11(11):1494. 8. Otsuru N, Ogawa M, Yokota H, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Onishi H. Auditory change-related cortical response is associated with hypervigilance to pain in healthy volunteers. Eur J Pain. 2022 Feb; 26(2):349-355. 9. Kojima S, Otsuru N, Miyaguchi S, Yokota H, Nagasaka K, Saito K, Inukai Y, Shirozu H, Onishi H. The intervention of mechanical tactile stimulation modulates somatosensory evoked magnetic fields and cortical oscillations. Eur J Neurosci. 2021 May; ;53(10):3433-3446. 10. Yokota H, Otsuru N, Saito K, Kojima S, Miyaguchi S, Inukai Y, Nagasaka K, Onishi H. Region-Specific Effects of 10-Hz Transcranial Alternate Current Stimulation Over the Left Posterior Parietal Cortex and Primary Somatosensory Area on Tactile Two-Point Discrimination Threshold. Front Neurosci. 2021 Feb 18; 15:576526. 11. Saito K, Otsuru N, Yokota H, Inukai Y, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Onishi H. α-tACS over the somatosensory cortex enhances tactile spatial discrimination in healthy subjects with low alpha activity. Brain Behav. 2021 Mar; 11(3):e02019. 12. Inukai Y, Miyaguchi S, Kobayashi N, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation effect on center of pressure sway during one-legged standing. J Clin Neurosci. 2020 Dec; 82(Pt A):173-178. 13. Inukai Y, Miyaguchi S, Saito M, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Effects of Different Stimulation Conditions on the Stimulation Effect of Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation. Effects of Different Stimulation Conditions on the Stimulation Effect of Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 Sep 24; 14:581405. 14. Miyaguchi S, Inukai Y, Takahashi R, Miyashita M, Matsumoto Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Effects of stimulating the supplementary motor area with a transcranial alternating current for bimanual movement performance. Behav Brain Res. 2020 Sep 1; 393:112801. 15. Miyaguchi S, Inukai Y, Matsumoto Y, Miyashita M, Takahashi R, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Effects on motor learning of transcranial alternating current stimulation applied over the primary motor cortex and cerebellar hemisphere. J Clin Neurosci. 2020 Aug; 78:296-300. 16. Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Saito K, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Yokota H, Nagasaka K, Onishi H. The after-effect of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation on postural control in young people: A randomized controlled trial. Neurosci Lett. 2020 Jun 11; 729:135009. 17. Otsuru N, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Yamashiro K, Sato D, Yokota H, Saito K, Inukai Y, Onishi H. Timing of Modulation of Corticospinal Excitability by Heartbeat Differs with Interoceptive Accuracy. Neuroscience. 2020 May 1; 433:156-162. 18. Kojima S, Miyaguchi S, Sasaki R, Tsuiki S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. The effects of mechanical tactile stimulation on corticospinal excitability and motor function depend on pin protrusion patterns. Sci Rep. 2019 Nov 13; 9(1):16677. 19. Yokota H, Otsuru N, Kikuchi R, Suzuki R, Kojima S, Saito K, Miyaguchi S, Inukai Y, Onishi H. Establishment of optimal two-point discrimination test method and consideration of reproducibility. Neurosci Lett. 2020 Jan 1; 714:134525. 20. Saito K, Otsuru N, Inukai Y, Miyaguchi S, Yokota H, Kojima S, Sasaki R, Onishi H. Comparison of transcranial electrical stimulation regimens for effects on inhibitory circuit activity in primary somatosensory cortex and tactile spatial discrimination performance. Behav Brain Res. 2019 Dec 16; 375:112168. 21. Miyaguchi S, Yamaguchi M, Kojima S, Yokota H, Saito K, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Time course of bilateral corticospinal tract excitability in the motor-learning process. Neurosci Lett. 2019 Oct 15; 711:134410. 22. Otsuru N, Kamijo K, Otsuki T, Kojima S, Miyaguchi S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Onishi H. 10 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation over posterior parietal cortex facilitates tactile temporal order judgment. Behav Brain Res. 2019 Aug 5; 368:111899. 23. Miyaguchi S, Otsuru N, Kojima S, Yokota H, Saito K, Inukai Y, Onishi H. The effect of gamma tACS over the M1 region and cerebellar hemisphere does not depend on current intensity. J Clin Neurosci. 2019 Jul; 65:54-58. 24. Tsuiki S, Sasaki R, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Masaki M, Otsuru N, Onishi H. The effect of combined transcranial direct current stimulation and peripheral nerve electrical stimulation on corticospinal excitability. PLoS One. 2019 Mar 29; 14(3):e0214592. 25. Tsuiki S, Sasaki R, Pham MV, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Repetitive Passive Movement Modulates Corticospinal Excitability: Effect of Movement and Rest Cycles and Subject Attention. Front Behav Neurosci. 2019 Mar 1; 13:38. 26. Miyaguchi S, Otsuru N, Kojima S, Yokota H, Saito K, Inukai Y, Onishi H. Gamma tACS over M1 and cerebellar hemisphere improves motor performance in a phase-specific manner. Neurosci Lett. 2018 Nov 13; 694:64-68. 27. Sasaki R, Tsuiki S, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Repetitive Passive Finger Movement Modulates Primary Somatosensory Cortex Excitability. Front Hum Neurosci. 2018 Aug 20; 12:332. 28. Miyaguchi S, Otsuru N, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Masaki M, Onishi H. Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation With Gamma Oscillations Over the Primary Motor Cortex and Cerebellar Hemisphere Improved Visuomotor Performance. Front Behav Neurosci. 2018 Jul 5; 12:132. 29. Sasaki R, Tsuiki S, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Somatosensory Inputs Induced by Passive Movement Facilitate Primary Motor Cortex Excitability Depending on the Interstimulus Interval, Movement Velocity, and Joint Angle. Neuroscience. 2018 Aug 21; 386:194-204. 30. Inukai Y, Masaki M, Otsuru N, Saito K, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Onishi H. Effect of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation in community-dwelling elderly people: a randomised controlled trial. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2018 Jul 3; 15(1):63. 31. Saito K, Otsuru N, Inukai Y, Kojima S, Miyaguchi S, Tsuiki S, Sasaki R, Onishi H. Inhibitory Mechanisms in Primary Somatosensory Cortex Mediate the Effects of Peripheral Electrical Stimulation on Tactile Spatial Discrimination. Neuroscience. 2018 Aug 1; 384:262-274. 32. Onishi H, Otsuru N, Kojima S, Miyaguchi S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Yamashiro K, Sato D, Tamaki H, Shirozu H, Kameyama S. Variability and Reliability of Paired-Pulse Depression and Cortical Oscillation Induced by Median Nerve Stimulation. Brain Topogr. 2018 Sep; 31(5):780-794. 33. Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Masaki M, Saito K, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Onishi H. Effect of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation on center of pressure sway of static standing posture. Brain Stimul. 2018 Jan-Feb; 11(1):85-93. 34. Sasaki R, Nakagawa M, Tsuiki S, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Masaki M, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Regulation of primary motor cortex excitability by repetitive passive finger movement frequency. Neuroscience. 2017 Aug 15; ;357:232-240. 35. Nakagawa M, Sasaki R, Tsuiki S, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Onishi H. Effects of Passive Finger Movement on Cortical Excitability. Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 May 3; 11:216. 36. Sasaki R, Kotan S, Nakagawa M, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Onishi H. Presence and Absence of Muscle Contraction Elicited by Peripheral Nerve Electrical Stimulation Differentially Modulate Primary Motor Cortex Excitability. Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 Mar 24; 11:146. 37. Inukai Y, Saito K, Sasaki R, Tsuiki S, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Masaki M, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Comparison of Three Non-Invasive Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Methods for Increasing Cortical Excitability. Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 Mar 24; 10:668. 38. Inukai Y, Saito K, Sasaki R, Kotan S, Nakagawa M, Onishi H. Influence of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to the Cerebellum on Standing Posture Control. Front Hum Neurosci. 2016 Jul 7; 10:325.
科学研究費	1. 2023-2025年 4,810千円 (直接経費: 3,700千円、間接経費: 1,110千円) 基盤研究（C）動的バランス機能を向上させるニューロモデュレーション技術の開発 2. 2020-2023年 4,160千円 (直接経費: 3,200千円、間接経費: 960千円) 若手研究小脳および前庭器官への電流刺激が小脳抑制ならび前庭脊髄路興奮性に与える影響 3. 2018-2020年 4,160千円 (直接経費: 3,200千円、間接経費: 960千円) 若手研究前庭ノイズ電流刺激が高齢者のバランス機能に与える持続的効果と長期介入効果の検証
学会・職能団体の委員	1. 2016年～全国大学理学療法学教育学会事務局（庶務） 2. 2017年～理学療法学編集委員会査読委員 3. 2021年～日本神経理学療法学会評議員 4. 2021年～神経理学療法学副編集委員長 5. 2023年～新潟県理学療法士会理事
公開講座・講演会等	1. 脳卒中リハビリテーション研究センター主催オンラインセミナー脳卒中リハビリテーションにおける画像評価の基礎と臨床応用主催・講師脳卒中リハビリテーション研究センター医療従事者オンライン 2022.7.9 2. 第21回日本新家理理学療法学会学術大会教育講演運動を発現する神経メカニズム講師日本神経理学療法学会医療従事者大阪・大阪府立国際会議場 2022.10.15 3. 福井神経理学療法研究会特別研修会脳卒中患者のバランス機能と理学療法講師福井神経理学療法研究会医療従事者オンライン 2022.11.19 4. 脳卒中リハビリテーション研究センター主催オンラインセミナー脳卒中患者の運動麻痺の病態理解と非侵襲的脳刺激法の基礎と臨床応用主催・講師脳卒中リハビリテーション研究センター医療従事者オンライン 2022.12.17
学内委員会活動	1. 広報委員会 2. 脳卒中リハビリテーション研究センター（センター長）

Profile

Research Areas	Stroke rehabilitation, Motor control and Postural control, Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS)
Research Introduction	We are conducting research on the mechanisms of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) involved in voluntary movement and balance functions in humans, and on non-invasive brain stimulation methods to improve motor and balance functions. We are also conducting research related to physical therapy for central nervous system diseases, especially stroke (improvement of motor paralysis, improvement of standing and walking ability).
Papers	1. Pham MV, Saito K, Miyaguchi S, Watanabe H, Ikarashi H, Nagasaka K, Yokota H, Kojima S, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Changes in excitability and GABAergic neuronal activity of the primary somatosensory cortex after motor learning. Front Neurosci. 2022 Sep 20; 16:794173. 2. Shiga K, Miyaguchi S, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Transcranial direct current stimulation over the right intraparietal sulcus improves response inhibition. Behav Brain Res. 2023 Feb 2; 437:114110. 3. Saito K, Otsuru N, Inukai Y, Kojima S, Miyaguchi S, Nagasaka K, Onishi H. Effect of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation over the Posterior Parietal Cortex on Tactile Spatial Discrimination Performance. Neuroscience. 2022 Jul 1; 494:94-103. 4. Kawakami S, Inukai Y, Ikarashi H, Watanabe H, Miyaguchi S, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial random noise stimulation over the cerebellum differentially affect the cerebellum and primary motor cortex pathway. J Clin Neurosci. 2022 Jun; 100:59-65. 5. Miyaguchi S, Inukai Y, Mitsumoto S, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Gamma-transcranial alternating current stimulation on the cerebellum and supplementary motor area improves bimanual motor skill. Behav Brain Res. 2022 Apr 29; 424:113805. 6. Miyaguchi S, Inukai Y, Hashimoto I, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Sleep affects the motor memory of basketball shooting skills in young amateurs. J Clin Neurosci. 2022 Feb; 96:187-193. 7. Kojima S, Miyaguchi S, Yokota H, Saito K, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. The Number or Type of Stimuli Used for Somatosensory Stimulation Affected the Modulation of Corticospinal Excitability. Brain Sci. 2021 Nov 12; 11(11):1494. 8. Otsuru N, Ogawa M, Yokota H, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Onishi H. Auditory change-related cortical response is associated with hypervigilance to pain in healthy volunteers. Eur J Pain. 2022 Feb; 26(2):349-355. 9. Kojima S, Otsuru N, Miyaguchi S, Yokota H, Nagasaka K, Saito K, Inukai Y, Shirozu H, Onishi H. The intervention of mechanical tactile stimulation modulates somatosensory evoked magnetic fields and cortical oscillations. Eur J Neurosci. 2021 May; ;53(10):3433-3446. 10. Yokota H, Otsuru N, Saito K, Kojima S, Miyaguchi S, Inukai Y, Nagasaka K, Onishi H. Region-Specific Effects of 10-Hz Transcranial Alternate Current Stimulation Over the Left Posterior Parietal Cortex and Primary Somatosensory Area on Tactile Two-Point Discrimination Threshold. Front Neurosci. 2021 Feb 18; 15:576526. 11. Saito K, Otsuru N, Yokota H, Inukai Y, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Onishi H. α-tACS over the somatosensory cortex enhances tactile spatial discrimination in healthy subjects with low alpha activity. Brain Behav. 2021 Mar; 11(3):e02019. 12. Inukai Y, Miyaguchi S, Kobayashi N, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation effect on center of pressure sway during one-legged standing. J Clin Neurosci. 2020 Dec; 82(Pt A):173-178. 13. Inukai Y, Miyaguchi S, Saito M, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Effects of Different Stimulation Conditions on the Stimulation Effect of Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation. Effects of Different Stimulation Conditions on the Stimulation Effect of Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 Sep 24; 14:581405. 14. Miyaguchi S, Inukai Y, Takahashi R, Miyashita M, Matsumoto Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Effects of stimulating the supplementary motor area with a transcranial alternating current for bimanual movement performance. Behav Brain Res. 2020 Sep 1; 393:112801. 15. Miyaguchi S, Inukai Y, Matsumoto Y, Miyashita M, Takahashi R, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Effects on motor learning of transcranial alternating current stimulation applied over the primary motor cortex and cerebellar hemisphere. J Clin Neurosci. 2020 Aug; 78:296-300. 16. Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Saito K, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Yokota H, Nagasaka K, Onishi H. The after-effect of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation on postural control in young people: A randomized controlled trial. Neurosci Lett. 2020 Jun 11; 729:135009. 17. Otsuru N, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Yamashiro K, Sato D, Yokota H, Saito K, Inukai Y, Onishi H. Timing of Modulation of Corticospinal Excitability by Heartbeat Differs with Interoceptive Accuracy. Neuroscience. 2020 May 1; 433:156-162. 18. Kojima S, Miyaguchi S, Sasaki R, Tsuiki S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. The effects of mechanical tactile stimulation on corticospinal excitability and motor function depend on pin protrusion patterns. Sci Rep. 2019 Nov 13; 9(1):16677. 19. Yokota H, Otsuru N, Kikuchi R, Suzuki R, Kojima S, Saito K, Miyaguchi S, Inukai Y, Onishi H. Establishment of optimal two-point discrimination test method and consideration of reproducibility. Neurosci Lett. 2020 Jan 1; 714:134525. 20. Saito K, Otsuru N, Inukai Y, Miyaguchi S, Yokota H, Kojima S, Sasaki R, Onishi H. Comparison of transcranial electrical stimulation regimens for effects on inhibitory circuit activity in primary somatosensory cortex and tactile spatial discrimination performance. Behav Brain Res. 2019 Dec 16; 375:112168. 21. Miyaguchi S, Yamaguchi M, Kojima S, Yokota H, Saito K, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Time course of bilateral corticospinal tract excitability in the motor-learning process. Neurosci Lett. 2019 Oct 15; 711:134410. 22. Otsuru N, Kamijo K, Otsuki T, Kojima S, Miyaguchi S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Onishi H. 10 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation over posterior parietal cortex facilitates tactile temporal order judgment. Behav Brain Res. 2019 Aug 5; 368:111899. 23. Miyaguchi S, Otsuru N, Kojima S, Yokota H, Saito K, Inukai Y, Onishi H. The effect of gamma tACS over the M1 region and cerebellar hemisphere does not depend on current intensity. J Clin Neurosci. 2019 Jul; 65:54-58. 24. Tsuiki S, Sasaki R, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Masaki M, Otsuru N, Onishi H. The effect of combined transcranial direct current stimulation and peripheral nerve electrical stimulation on corticospinal excitability. PLoS One. 2019 Mar 29; 14(3):e0214592. 25. Tsuiki S, Sasaki R, Pham MV, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Repetitive Passive Movement Modulates Corticospinal Excitability: Effect of Movement and Rest Cycles and Subject Attention. Front Behav Neurosci. 2019 Mar 1; 13:38. 26. Miyaguchi S, Otsuru N, Kojima S, Yokota H, Saito K, Inukai Y, Onishi H. Gamma tACS over M1 and cerebellar hemisphere improves motor performance in a phase-specific manner. Neurosci Lett. 2018 Nov 13; 694:64-68. 27. Sasaki R, Tsuiki S, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Repetitive Passive Finger Movement Modulates Primary Somatosensory Cortex Excitability. Front Hum Neurosci. 2018 Aug 20; 12:332. 28. Miyaguchi S, Otsuru N, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Masaki M, Onishi H. Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation With Gamma Oscillations Over the Primary Motor Cortex and Cerebellar Hemisphere Improved Visuomotor Performance. Front Behav Neurosci. 2018 Jul 5; 12:132. 29. Sasaki R, Tsuiki S, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Somatosensory Inputs Induced by Passive Movement Facilitate Primary Motor Cortex Excitability Depending on the Interstimulus Interval, Movement Velocity, and Joint Angle. Neuroscience. 2018 Aug 21; 386:194-204. 30. Inukai Y, Masaki M, Otsuru N, Saito K, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Onishi H. Effect of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation in community-dwelling elderly people: a randomised controlled trial. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2018 Jul 3; 15(1):63. 31. Saito K, Otsuru N, Inukai Y, Kojima S, Miyaguchi S, Tsuiki S, Sasaki R, Onishi H. Inhibitory Mechanisms in Primary Somatosensory Cortex Mediate the Effects of Peripheral Electrical Stimulation on Tactile Spatial Discrimination. Neuroscience. 2018 Aug 1; 384:262-274. 32. Onishi H, Otsuru N, Kojima S, Miyaguchi S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Yamashiro K, Sato D, Tamaki H, Shirozu H, Kameyama S. Variability and Reliability of Paired-Pulse Depression and Cortical Oscillation Induced by Median Nerve Stimulation. Brain Topogr. 2018 Sep; 31(5):780-794. 33. Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Masaki M, Saito K, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Onishi H. Effect of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation on center of pressure sway of static standing posture. Brain Stimul. 2018 Jan-Feb; 11(1):85-93. 34. Sasaki R, Nakagawa M, Tsuiki S, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Masaki M, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Regulation of primary motor cortex excitability by repetitive passive finger movement frequency. Neuroscience. 2017 Aug 15; ;357:232-240. 35. Nakagawa M, Sasaki R, Tsuiki S, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Onishi H. Effects of Passive Finger Movement on Cortical Excitability. Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 May 3; 11:216. 36. Sasaki R, Kotan S, Nakagawa M, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Onishi H. Presence and Absence of Muscle Contraction Elicited by Peripheral Nerve Electrical Stimulation Differentially Modulate Primary Motor Cortex Excitability. Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 Mar 24; 11:146. 37. Inukai Y, Saito K, Sasaki R, Tsuiki S, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Masaki M, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Comparison of Three Non-Invasive Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Methods for Increasing Cortical Excitability. Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 Mar 24; 10:668. 38. Inukai Y, Saito K, Sasaki R, Kotan S, Nakagawa M, Onishi H. Influence of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to the Cerebellum on Standing Posture Control. Front Hum Neurosci. 2016 Jul 7; 10:325.